[중학교] 기초 영어문법 제2장 현재완료

교과서 문법 완전정리 영문법 완성

 

제2장 현재완료

현재완료는 과거에 일어난 일이 현재까지 영향을 끼치고 있는 경우에 쓰인다. 

(have(has) + 과거분사)의 형태를 취하며, 그 의미에 따라 함께 쓰이는 부사(구)가 다르다.
 

1. 완료용법: just, now, already, yet 등의 부사와 함께 쓰인다.
I have just finished my homework.
Have you read the book yet? Yes, I have (already read it).
  

2. 결과용법: (과거에 ... 한 결과로 지금 -이다)의 의미를 나타낸다.
She has become a teacher. -> She became a teacher, and she is a teacher now.
  

3. 경험용법: once, often, before, ever, never 등의 부사와 함께 쓰인다.
I have seen a lion before.
He has never been to Paris.
  

4. 계속용법: since..., for..., how long... 등의 부사구와 함께 쓰인다.
She has been sick since yesterday.

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기초확인문제
  

1. 괄호 안에 주어진 동사를 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 빈 칸에 쓰시오.
(1) I have (__) busy since I came here. (be)
(2) I have already (__) my lunch. (eat)
(3) He has not (__) to me for many months. (write)
(4) Who has (__) him such a nice present? (give)
  

보충학습: 

현재완료의 문장이므로 과거분사가 필요하다.
  

2. 다음 괄호 안에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
(1) Autumn (came, has come), but it is still hot.
(2) He (went, has gone) home half an hour ago.
(3) 1 (knew, have known) him since he was born.
(4) When (did, has) you read the book?
  

보충학습: 

(1) 결과를 나타내는 용법 

(2), (4) 명백한 과거를 나타내는 부사(구)나 의문사 when은 현재완료와 함께 쓰지 않는다.

 

3. 다음 문장을 괄호 안의 지시에 따라 바꿔 쓰시오.
(1) You have already done the work. (의문문으로) -> (__)
(2) He has already read the story. (부정문으로) -> (__)
(3) I have written the letter. (just now를 써서) -> (__)
(4) Did you see a panda? (ever를 써서 현재완료로) -> (__)
(5) I have studied English for three years.(밑줄 친 부분이 대답이 되는 의문문으로) -> (__)
  

보충학습: 

(1), (2) already는 긍정문에 쓰인다. 의문문, 부정문에서는 yet이 쓰인다.
(3) just now는 현재완료에 쓰이지 않는다.
(4) ever의 위치에 유의.
  

4. 두 문장이 같은 의미가 되도록 빈 칸에 알맞은 말을 쓰시오.
(1) He came to Korea a month ago and he is in Korea now.

-> He (__) (__) in Korea for a month.
(2) She lost all her money, and she has no money now.
-> She (__) (__) all her money.
(3) It is over two years since my uncle died.

-> My uncle (__) (__) (__) for more than two years.

 

보충학습:

현재완료 (1) 계속, (2) 결과, (3) 계속 over...(-이상), more than...(...이상)
  

5. 괄호 안에 주어진 표현을 사용하여 우리말을 영어로 옮기시오.
(1) 나는 지난 주부터 한가하다. (free)  -> (__)
(2) 너는 러시아 음식을 먹어본 적이 있니? (Russian food)  -> (__)
(3) 그는 병원에 갔다. (그래서 여기 없다.) (hospital)  -> (__)
(4) 당신은 몇 번이나 미국에 다녀왔습니까? (how many times)  -> (__)

 

보충학습:

현재완료 (1) 계속, (2) 경험, (3) 결과, (4) 경험

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정답 및 해설

제2장 현재완료
1. (1) been (2) eaten (3) written (4) given
2. (1) has come (2) went (3) have known (4) did
3. (1) Have you done the work yet? (2) He has not read the story yet. 

(3) 1 wrote the letter just now. (4) Have you ever seen a panda? 

(5) How long have you studied English?
4. (1) has been (2) has lost (3) has been dead
5. (1) I have been free since last week. (2) Have you ever eaten Russian food?

(3) He has gone to the hospital. (4) How many times have you been to America?