[중학교] 기초 영어문법 제20장 4형식, 5형식 문장의 수동태

교과서 문법 완전정리 영문법 완성

 

제20장 4, 5형식 문장의 수동태
  

목적어가 있는 3, 4, 5형식의 능동태 문장은 수동태 문장으로 바꿀 수 있다. 

특히 4, 5형식의 문장을 수동태로 바꿀 때는 주의해야 한다.
  

1. 4형식 문장의 수동태: 간접목적어와 직접목적어를 각각 주어로 할 수 있다.
He gave me a cup of coffee.
I was given a cup of coffee by him. <- 3형식(간접목적어를 주어로)

A cup of coffee was given me by him. <- 3형식(직접목적어를 주어로)
A cup of coffee was given to me by him. <- 1형식(간접목적어를 주어로)
buy, make, pass, send, write는 직접목적어만이 수동태의 주어가 될 수 있다.

 

Mother bought me a dress.
-> A dress was bought (for) me by Mother. (O) <- 직접목적어를 주어로
-> I was bought a dress by Mother. (X)

2. 5형식 문장의 수동태: 목적어를 주어로 한다.
She named her cat Blackie.
-> Her cat was named Blackie by her. <- 2형식
They elected him chairman.
-> He was elected chairman (by them). <- 2형식

---

기초확인문제

 

1. 다음 문장을 수동태로 바꿔 쓰시오.
(1) Tom gave Mary a bunch of flowers. -> (__), (__) 
(2) She named her dog Lassy. -> (__) 
(3) Dr. Smith bought his wife a dress. -> (__) 
(4) You must keep the door open. -> (__) 
  

보충학습: 

(1) a bunch of flowers (꽃 한 다발), (4) keep + 명사 + 형용사 (~을 ~한 상태에 두다)

2. 다음 중 _잘못된_ 문장을 고르시오.
#1 He was written a letter by her.

#2 Mr. Kim was elected chairman.
#3 A camera was bought him by his parents.
#4 America was discovered by Columbus.
#5 The room was cleaned by her.
  

보충학습: 

write, make, buy, send, pass 등은 직접목적어만을 주어로 하여 수동태를 만든다.
  

3. 괄호 안의 단어들을 재배열하여 수동태 문장을 만드시오.
(1) 그녀는 그녀의 부모를 기쁘게 했다. (happy, her parents, made, her, were, by).
(2) 그는 그녀에게 우유 한 잔을 주었다. (milk, of, a, her, glass, by, given, to, him, was).
(3) 신부님은 그 아기를 아그네스라고 이름지었다. (named, the priest, the baby, was, by, Agnes).
(4) 감 박사는 그의 아내에게 편지를 썼다. (Dr. Kim, a letter, his, wife, written, to, was, by).
  

보충학습: 

(2) a glass of ... (... 한 잔), (3) priest (사제, 신부)
  

4. 다음의 수동태 문장을 능동태로 바꾸시오.
(1) He is called James Dean (by us). -> (__) 
(2) The news was passed to their friends. -> (__)
(3) Many questions were asked of him by her. -> (__)
  

보충학습: 

능동태의 주어가 일반인을 나타내거나 행위자가 분명할 경우에는 (by + 목적격)을 생략한다.
  

5. 다음 문장을 우리말로 옮기시오. (해석은 능동형으로)
(1) I was given a watch by her.
(2) They were left all their uncle's fortune.
  

보충학습: 

(2) fortune (재산)

---

정답 및 해설

제20장 4, 5형식 문장의 수동태
1. (1) Mary was given a bunch of flowers by Tom.

/A bunch of flowers was given (to) Mary by Tom.

(2) Her dog was named Lassy by her. (3) A dress was bought (for) his wife by Dr. Smith.

(4) The door must be kept open by you.
2. #1
3. (1) Her parents were made happy by her, (2) A glass of milk was given to her by him.

(3) The baby was named Agnes by the priest. (4) A letter was written to his wife by Dr. Kim.
4. (1) We call him James Dean. (2) They passed the news to their friends.

(3) She asked many questions of him.
5. (1) 그녀는 나에게 시계를 주었다. (2) 그들의 아저씨는 그들에게 모든 재산을 남겨주었다.