[중학교] 기초 영어문법 제24장 가정법 (1)

교과서 문법 완전정리 영문법 완성

 

제24장 가정법의 종류와 시제
  

가정법은 사실과 반대되는 것을 가정하거나 상상하는 표현이며, 

가정법 현재, 미래, 과거, 과거완료 등 네 가지가 있다.

1. 가정법 현재: 

If + 주어 + 동사원형(현재형), 주어 + 조동사의 현재형 + 동사원형...
If he come (comes), I will go there with him.
  

2. 가정법 미래: 

If + 주어 + should (were to) + 동사원형, 주어 + 조동사의 현재형

또는 과거형(조동사의 과거형) + 동사원형..

 

If it should rain tomorrow, he would not start. <- 미래에 대한 강한 의심
If I were to be young again, I would marry her. <- 실현 불가능한 미래
  

3. 가정법 과거: 

If + 주어 + 동사의 과거형, 주어 + 조동사의 과거형 + 동사원형...
If I knew her phone number, I could call her.
(= As I don't know her phone number, I cannot call her.)
If I were a bird, I could fly to you.
(= As I am not a bird, I cannot fly to you.)
  

4. 가정법 과거완료: 

If + 주어 + had p.p, 주어 + have p.p...
If she had worked harder, she could have passed the exam.
(= She didn't work harder, so she could not pass the exam.)

5. 조건절의 생략과 도치
An honest man would not say so. <- 조건절의 생략
(= If he were an honest man, he would not say so.)
Had it not been for his help, I should have failed. <- 조건절의 도치
(=If it had not been for his help, I should have failed.)

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기초확인문제
  

1. 괄호 안의 동사를 알맞은 형태로 바꾸시오.
(1) If she (help) him, he could do it well.
(2) If I (am) late 5 minutes, I should have missed the train.
(3) If he (is) not honest, I would not employ him.
(4) If she work hard, she (pass) the examination.
  

보충학습: 

(3) 가정법 과거의 If 절에서 be 동사는 항상 were를 쓴다.

2. 밑줄 친 If가 나머지 넷과 _다르게_ 쓰인 것을 고르시오.
#1 _If_ I had the money, you should have it.
#2 _If_ it should rain, she will not start.

#3 _If_ he is rich, he is not happy.
#4 _If_ she were here, she would cry for joy.
#5 _If_ I had wings, I could fly to you like a bird.
  

보충학습: 

#3 양보를 나타내는 종속 접속사
  

3. 두 문장의 뜻이 같아지도록 빈 칸을 채우시오.
(1) If it had not been for your advice, I would have failed.
=(__) (__) not been for your advice, I would have failed.
(2) If it were not for his illness, he could go there.
=(__) (__) not for his illness, he could go there.
(3) If he were a wise man, he would not do so.
=(__) (__) (__) would not do so.
(4) As I am not a bird, I cannot fly to you.
=if I (__) a bird, I (__) (__) to you.
  

보충학습: 

(1), (2), (3) 조건절의 생략, 도치, (2) illness (질병), 

(4) 가정법 과거는 현재 사실에 반대되는 일을 가정한다.
  

4. 다음 문장을 If로 시작하여 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.
(1) As I do not have enough money, I can't buy the house. -> (__) 
(2) Because she refused his help, she failed in the work. -> (__)
(3) Were I in your position, I would not do so. -> (__)
(4) It rained last night, so I could not call on you. -> (__)
  

보충학습: 

(2) 가정법 과거완료는 과거 사실에 반대되는 일을 가정한다. refuse (거절하다),
(4) call on (방문하다)
  

5. 다음 문장을 우리말로 옮기시오.
(1) What would you have done in my place?
(2) Were she here now, she would explain the matter.

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정답 및 해설

제24장 가정법의 종류와 시제
1. (1) helped (2) had been (3) were (4) will pass
2. #3
3. (1) Had it (2) Were it (3) A wise man (4) were, could fly
4. (1) If I had enough money, I could buy the house.

(2) If she had not refused his help, she would not have failed in the work.

(3) If I were in your position, I would not do so.

(4) If it had not rained last night, I could have called on you.
5. (1) 당신이 나라면 어떻게 했겠는가?

(2) 그녀가 지금 여기 있다면, 그 문제를 설명해 줄텐데.